Civilizations are a relatively recent phenomenon in human hustory made possible by the surpluses produced by the Agricultural Revolution. The distinctive features of civilizations are cities with monumental architecture and populations in the tens of thousands, powerful states that could compel obedience, and much greater inequality in economic function, wealth, and social status.
This global phenomenon started with six major civilizations and some smaller manifestations scattered arond the world that deeloped after 3500 BCE. One of the earliest civilizations emerged in Sumer. They were the first written language. Indus valley civiliation in Indus and Sarawati river valleys arose between 3000 and 2000BCE. Unlike other civilizations it generated no palaes, temples, elaborate graves, kings or warrior classes.
in around 2200 BCE a First Civilization took shape in China by ruler the "son of heaven". China maintained impressive cultural continuity into modern times. The Olmec produced a first civilization much later 1200BCE on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. They created the first written language in the amreicas.
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